Numbers¶
Integers¶
Integer numbers follow C-style format with support for decimal, binary (0b), octal (0o) and hex (0x) notations.
Integers can also be conveniently manipulated as bit-fields.
Floating-Point Numbers¶
Both decimal and scientific notations can be used to represent floating-point numbers.
Decimal Numbers¶
When rounding errors cannot be accepted, such as in financial calculations, use the decimal type, which is a fixed-precision floating-point number with no rounding errors.
Number Literals¶
_ separators can be added freely and are ignored within a number – except at the very beginning or right after a decimal point (.).
| Sample | Format |
|---|---|
_123 | improper separator |
123_345, -42 | decimal |
0o07_76 | octal |
0xab_cd_ef | hex |
0b0101_1001 | binary |
123._456 | improper separator |
123_456.78_9 | normal floating-point |
-42. | ending with decimal point |
123_456_.789e-10 | scientific notation |
.456 | missing leading 0 |
123.456e_10 | improper separator |
123.e-10 | missing decimal 0 |
Floating-Point vs. Decimal¶
Decimal numbers represents a fixed-precision floating-point number which is popular with financial calculations and other usage scenarios where round-off errors are not acceptable.
Decimal numbers take up more space (16 bytes each) than a standard floating-point number (4-8 bytes) and is much slower in calculations due to the lack of CPU hardware support. Use it only when necessary.